Which description best matches Category A runway incursion?

Which description best matches Category A runway incursion?

• A. An incident that meets the definition of a runway incursion with no immediate safety consequences.
• B. A serious incident in which a collision was narrowly avoided.
• C. An incident characterized by ample time or distance to avoid collision.
• D. An incident in which separation decreases and a significant potential for collision exists, which may result in a time-critical corrective and evasive response to avoid a collision.

Answer: (B)

Category A runway incursion represents the most severe near-miss scenario: there is a real risk of collision and it is narrowly avoided. The description that best fits this level says a serious incident occurred in which a collision was narrowly avoided, capturing both the high risk and the fact that no actual collision happened thanks to timely action. The other descriptions describe less severe or different risk situations: no immediate safety consequences, ample time or distance to avoid a collision, or a significant potential for collision that requires a quick corrective response but does not describe a near-miss.

Category A runway incursion represents the most severe near-miss scenario: there is a real risk of collision and it is narrowly avoided. The description that best fits this level says a serious incident occurred in which a collision was narrowly avoided, capturing both the high risk and the fact that no actual collision happened thanks to timely action. The other descriptions describe less severe or different risk situations: no immediate safety consequences, ample time or distance to avoid a collision, or a significant potential for collision that requires a quick corrective response but does not describe a near-miss.