Which of the following is NOT a common contributing factor to runway incursions?

Which of the following is NOT a common contributing factor to runway incursions?

• A. Poor weather causing low visibility on the taxiway.
• B. Miscommunication of clearances.
• C. Not following hold-short procedures.
• D. Improper clearance verification.

Answer: (A)

Runway incursions are driven more by human factors and procedural noncompliance than by environmental conditions. The most common contributors are miscommunication of clearances, which leads someone to act on instructions that aren’t understood or are misheard; not following hold-short procedures, which allows a vehicle or aircraft to enter a runway without proper clearance; and improper clearance verification, where a clearance is acted on without proper confirmation. These represent how people interact with instructions and check what they’re about to do, which is the core issue in most incursions. Poor weather causing low visibility on the taxiway can increase risk, but it’s not counted among the frequent root causes in typical analyses. It’s more of an environmental factor that can complicate operations rather than a primary driver of incursions.

Runway incursions are driven more by human factors and procedural noncompliance than by environmental conditions. The most common contributors are miscommunication of clearances, which leads someone to act on instructions that aren’t understood or are misheard; not following hold-short procedures, which allows a vehicle or aircraft to enter a runway without proper clearance; and improper clearance verification, where a clearance is acted on without proper confirmation. These represent how people interact with instructions and check what they’re about to do, which is the core issue in most incursions.

Poor weather causing low visibility on the taxiway can increase risk, but it’s not counted among the frequent root causes in typical analyses. It’s more of an environmental factor that can complicate operations rather than a primary driver of incursions.